Biological hazards

As a health care worker, you are exposed to bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are biological hazards. Washing hands frequently and maintaining personal protective equipment (PPE) are both extremely important. Dispose of PPE in an appropriate container within the room and wash your hands thoroughly. All sharps should be placed in the biohazard container. Do not fill the container above the safe level. When stuck by unknown sharps, seek immediate medical attention and notify your supervisor.

Follow Proper Procedure for Identifying Patients

The first step in any medical procedure is always identification. Identification (ID) bands are the standard. The ID bracelet contains the patient's name and date of birth, the physician's name, and the hospital identification number. Use the identification band to make sure you have the right patient.

According to the Joint Commission, you should always use at least two methods to identify a patient. Be sure to use the patient's name and date of birth as the primary means of identification.

A three-way ID is done by comparing the ID bracelet, the patient's verbal identification, and a visual comparison of a labeled specimen.

If an unconscious and unidentified patient is admitted to an emergency room, use a three-part label. The first part contains the ID number, the second part is attached to the specimen, and the third part is attached to the chart.

Follow the Joint Commission's Patient Safety Guidelines

The Joint Commission's rules regulate all health care facilities. Each type of facility has its own National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs). Hospitals, long-term care facilities, and hospice must teach their personnel these standards. In turn, these personnel are asked to relate these standards during inspections.

• While some standards vary, all facilities use the following guidelines:

• Use at least two forms of ID.

• Use hand-washing guidelines from the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the World Health Organization (WHO).

• Safely administer medications.

• Provide additional precautions to patients on blood thinners.

• Record and pass along information about patients' medications.

• Make sure patients know which medications they are to take at home.

Practice Safety Procedures When Using Medical Supplies and Equipment

Make sure you know how to use all safety devices correctly. Chart any device's application and the patient's tolerance.

When a patient is placed on a gurney, the side rails must be up for transport. During transport, make sure that extremities are kept within the side rails to prevent injury. Make sure IV poles and equipment are not too tall for doorways.

Most facilities are restraint-free, but seat belts are common. Another common restraint is a side rail. For safety, one side rail is raised to enable patients to turn themselves. If a patient rolls out of bed, the opposite side rail is half-raised.

Report and Document Work-Related Injuries

You should know your facility's policy regarding the reporting of a workplace injury. Report all injuries immediately, and fill out any necessary forms. An improperly filled out form can void workers' compensation coverage. If the injury is serious enough, you can also visit a doctor, urgent care, or an emergency room. The facility will then investigate the incident to avoid future injuries.